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The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that plays an essential role in viral episome replication and segregation, by recruiting the cellular complex of DNA replication onto the origin (oriP) and by tethering the viral DNA onto the mitotic chromosomes. Whereas the mechanisms of viral DNA replication are well documented, those involved in tethering EBNA1 to the cellular chromatin are far from being understood. Here, we have identified regulator of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) as a novel cellular partner for EBNA1. RCC1 is the major nuclear guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Ran enzyme. RCC1, associated with chromatin, is involved in the formation of RanGTP gradients critical for nucleo-cytoplasmic transport, mitotic spindle formation and nuclear envelope reassembly following mitosis. Using several approaches, we have demonstrated a direct interaction between these two proteins and found that the EBNA1 domains responsible for EBNA1 tethering to the mitotic chromosomes are also involved in the interaction with RCC1. The use of an EBNA1 peptide array confirmed the interaction of RCC1 with these regions and also the importance of the N-terminal region of RCC1 in this interaction. Finally, using confocal microscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer analysis to follow the dynamics of interaction between the two proteins throughout the cell cycle, we have demonstrated that EBNA1 and RCC1 closely associate on the chromosomes during metaphase, suggesting an essential role for the interaction during this phase, perhaps in tethering EBNA1 to mitotic chromosomes.

Original publication

DOI

10.1099/jgv.0.000681

Type

Journal article

Journal

The Journal of general virology

Publication Date

02/2017

Volume

98

Pages

251 - 265

Addresses

Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon 69364, France.

Keywords

Hela Cells, Chromosomes, Human, Chromatin, Humans, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors, Cell Cycle Proteins, Nuclear Proteins, Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens, Microscopy, Confocal, Protein Array Analysis, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, Protein Interaction Mapping, Metaphase, Mitosis, Amino Acid Motifs, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, HEK293 Cells, Spindle Apparatus